TY - JOUR
T1 - A 6-year prospective clinical cohort study on the bidirectional association between frailty and depressive disorder
AU - Oude Voshaar, Richard C.
AU - Dimitriadis, Menelaos
AU - vandenBrink, Rob H. S.
AU - Aprahamian, Ivan
AU - Borges, Marcus K.
AU - Marijnissen, Radboud M.
AU - Hoogendijk, Emiel O.
AU - Rhebergen, Didi
AU - Jeuring, Hans W.
N1 - Funding Information:
The infrastructure of the NESDO study ( www.nesdo.onderzoek.io ) is funded through the Fonds NutsOhra, Stichting tot Steun VCVGZ, NARSAD, the Brain and Behaviour Research Fund, and the participating universities and mental healthcare organisations (VU University Medical Center, Leiden University Medical Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University Medical Center St Radboud, GGZinGeest, GGNet, GGZ Nijmegen and Parnassia). These funding agencies did not have any role in data analyses, data interpretation or writing of the data collected within the NESDO study.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/11
Y1 - 2021/11
N2 - Introduction: Depressive disorder has been conceptualised as a condition of accelerated biological ageing. We operationalised a frailty index (FI) as marker for biological ageing aimed to explore the bidirectional, longitudinal association between frailty and either depressive symptoms or depressive disorder. Methods: A cohort study with 6-year follow-up including 377 older (≥60 years) outpatients with a DSM-IV-defined depressive disorder and 132 never-depressed controls. Site visits at baseline, 2 and 6-year follow-up were conducted and included the CIDI 2.0 to assess depressive disorder and relevant covariates. Depressive symptom severity and mortality were assessed every 6 months by mail and telephone. A 41-item FI was operationalised and validated against the 6-year morality rate by Cox regression (HRFI = 1.04 [95% CI: 1.02–1.06]). Results: Cox regression showed that a higher FI was associated with a lower chance of remission among depressed patients (HRFI = 0.98 [95% CI: 0.97–0.99]). Nonetheless, this latter effect disappeared after adjustment for baseline depressive symptom severity. Linear mixed models showed that the FI increased over time in the whole sample (B[SE] = 0.94 (0.12), p <.001) with a differential impact of depressive symptom severity and depressive disorder. Higher baseline depressive symptom severity was associated with an attenuated and depressive disorder with an accelerated increase of the FI over time. Conclusions: The sum score of depression rating scales is likely confounded by frailty. Depressive disorder, according to DSM-IV criteria, is associated with accelerated biological ageing. This argues for the development of multidisciplinary geriatric care models incorporating frailty to improve the overall outcome of late-life depression.
AB - Introduction: Depressive disorder has been conceptualised as a condition of accelerated biological ageing. We operationalised a frailty index (FI) as marker for biological ageing aimed to explore the bidirectional, longitudinal association between frailty and either depressive symptoms or depressive disorder. Methods: A cohort study with 6-year follow-up including 377 older (≥60 years) outpatients with a DSM-IV-defined depressive disorder and 132 never-depressed controls. Site visits at baseline, 2 and 6-year follow-up were conducted and included the CIDI 2.0 to assess depressive disorder and relevant covariates. Depressive symptom severity and mortality were assessed every 6 months by mail and telephone. A 41-item FI was operationalised and validated against the 6-year morality rate by Cox regression (HRFI = 1.04 [95% CI: 1.02–1.06]). Results: Cox regression showed that a higher FI was associated with a lower chance of remission among depressed patients (HRFI = 0.98 [95% CI: 0.97–0.99]). Nonetheless, this latter effect disappeared after adjustment for baseline depressive symptom severity. Linear mixed models showed that the FI increased over time in the whole sample (B[SE] = 0.94 (0.12), p <.001) with a differential impact of depressive symptom severity and depressive disorder. Higher baseline depressive symptom severity was associated with an attenuated and depressive disorder with an accelerated increase of the FI over time. Conclusions: The sum score of depression rating scales is likely confounded by frailty. Depressive disorder, according to DSM-IV criteria, is associated with accelerated biological ageing. This argues for the development of multidisciplinary geriatric care models incorporating frailty to improve the overall outcome of late-life depression.
KW - ageing
KW - biological ageing
KW - depressive disorder
KW - frailty
KW - frailty index
UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85108350161&origin=inward
UR - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34130356
U2 - 10.1002/gps.5588
DO - 10.1002/gps.5588
M3 - Article
C2 - 34130356
VL - 36
SP - 1699
EP - 1707
JO - International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
JF - International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
SN - 0885-6230
IS - 11
ER -