TY - JOUR
T1 - A prospective study into change of vitamin D levels, depression and frailty among depressed older persons
AU - van den Berg, Karen S.
AU - Hegeman, Johanna M.
AU - van den Brink, Rob H. S.
AU - Rhebergen, Didi
AU - Oude Voshaar, Richard C.
AU - Marijnissen, Radboud M.
N1 - Funding Information:
The infrastructure for the Netherlands Study of Depression in Older persons is funded through the Fonds NutsOhra, Stichting tot Steun VCVGZ, NARSAD, The Brain and Behaviour Research Fund, and the participating universities and mental health care organisations (VU University Medical Centre, Leiden University Medical Centre, University Medical Centre Groningen, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, and GGZ InGeest, GGNet, GGZ Nijmegen, and Parnassia).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/7
Y1 - 2021/7
N2 - Objectives: While vitamin D is involved in frailty as well as depression, hardly any study has examined the course of vitamin D levels prospectively. The objective of this study is to examine whether a change of vitamin D in depressed older adults is associated with either depression course, course of frailty, or both. Methods: The study population consisted of 232 of 378 older adults (60–93 years) with a DSM-IV defined depressive disorder participating in the Netherlands Study of Depression in Older persons, a prospective clinical cohort study. Baseline and 2-year follow-up data on depressive disorder (DSM-IV diagnosis), symptom severity (inventory of depressive symptoms), frailty phenotype (and its individual components) and vitamin D levels were obtained. Linear mixed models were used to study the association of change in vitamin D levels with depression course, course of frailty, and the combination. Results: Vitamin D levels decreased from baseline to follow-up, independent from depression course. An increase in frailty was associated with a significantly sharper decrease of vitamin D levels over time. Post hoc analyses showed that this association with frailty might be driven by an increase of exhaustion over time and counteracted by an increase in walking speed. Conclusions: Our findings generate the hypothesis that vitamin D supplementation in late-life depression may improve frailty, which may partly explain inconsistent findings of randomised controlled trials evaluating the effect of vitamin D for depression. We advocate to consider frailty (components) as an outcome in future supplementation trials in late-life depression.
AB - Objectives: While vitamin D is involved in frailty as well as depression, hardly any study has examined the course of vitamin D levels prospectively. The objective of this study is to examine whether a change of vitamin D in depressed older adults is associated with either depression course, course of frailty, or both. Methods: The study population consisted of 232 of 378 older adults (60–93 years) with a DSM-IV defined depressive disorder participating in the Netherlands Study of Depression in Older persons, a prospective clinical cohort study. Baseline and 2-year follow-up data on depressive disorder (DSM-IV diagnosis), symptom severity (inventory of depressive symptoms), frailty phenotype (and its individual components) and vitamin D levels were obtained. Linear mixed models were used to study the association of change in vitamin D levels with depression course, course of frailty, and the combination. Results: Vitamin D levels decreased from baseline to follow-up, independent from depression course. An increase in frailty was associated with a significantly sharper decrease of vitamin D levels over time. Post hoc analyses showed that this association with frailty might be driven by an increase of exhaustion over time and counteracted by an increase in walking speed. Conclusions: Our findings generate the hypothesis that vitamin D supplementation in late-life depression may improve frailty, which may partly explain inconsistent findings of randomised controlled trials evaluating the effect of vitamin D for depression. We advocate to consider frailty (components) as an outcome in future supplementation trials in late-life depression.
KW - depression
KW - frailty
KW - longitudinal associations
KW - old age
KW - vitamin D
UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85101534088&origin=inward
UR - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33559131
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85101534088&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/gps.5507
DO - 10.1002/gps.5507
M3 - Article
C2 - 33559131
VL - 36
SP - 1029
EP - 1036
JO - International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
JF - International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
SN - 0885-6230
IS - 7
ER -