TY - JOUR
T1 - Childhood Trauma in Adult Depressive and Anxiety Disorders
T2 - An Integrated Review on Psychological and Biological Mechanisms in the NESDA Cohort
AU - Kuzminskaite, Erika
AU - Penninx, Brenda W J H
AU - van Harmelen, Anne-Laura
AU - Elzinga, Bernet M
AU - Hovens, Jacqueline G F M
AU - Vinkers, Christiaan H
N1 - Funding Information:
The infrastructure for the NESDA study ( www.nesda.nl ) is funded through the Geestkracht program of the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw, grant number: 10‐000‐1002) and financial contributions by participating universities and mental health care organizations (VU University Medical Center, GGZ inGeest, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, GGZ Rivierduinen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Lentis, GGZ Friesland, GGZ Drenthe, Rob Giel Onderzoekscentrum).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/3/15
Y1 - 2021/3/15
N2 - BACKGROUND: Childhood trauma (CT) has adverse consequences on mental health across the lifespan. The understanding of how CT increases vulnerability for psychiatric disorders is growing. However, lack of an integrative approach to psychological and biological mechanisms of CT hampers further advancement. This review integrates CT findings across explanatory levels from a longitudinal adult cohort - the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA).METHODS: We reviewed all studies (k = 37) from the NESDA cohort (n = 2981) published from 2009 to 2020 containing CT findings related to psychopathology and potential psychological and biological mechanisms of CT.RESULTS: CT was associated with a higher risk of anxiety and depressive disorders with the strongest associations in the comorbid group. CT predicted the onset of these disorders, recurrence, and poorer outcomes (more comorbidity and chronicity). CT was associated with maladaptive personality characteristics and cognitions (e.g., higher neuroticism and negative self-associations), mild stress systems dysregulations (heightened levels of cortisol and inflammation), advanced biological aging (increased epigenetic aging and telomere attrition), poorer lifestyle (higher smoking rate and body mass index), somatic health decline (e.g., increased metabolic syndrome dysregulations), and brain alterations (e.g., reduced mPFC volume and increased amygdala reactivity).LIMITATIONS: Literature review of one cohort using mixed analytical approaches.CONCLUSION: CT impacts the functioning of the brain, mind, and body, which together may contribute to a higher vulnerability for affective disorders. It is essential to employ an integrative approach combining different sources of data to understand the mechanisms of CT better.
AB - BACKGROUND: Childhood trauma (CT) has adverse consequences on mental health across the lifespan. The understanding of how CT increases vulnerability for psychiatric disorders is growing. However, lack of an integrative approach to psychological and biological mechanisms of CT hampers further advancement. This review integrates CT findings across explanatory levels from a longitudinal adult cohort - the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA).METHODS: We reviewed all studies (k = 37) from the NESDA cohort (n = 2981) published from 2009 to 2020 containing CT findings related to psychopathology and potential psychological and biological mechanisms of CT.RESULTS: CT was associated with a higher risk of anxiety and depressive disorders with the strongest associations in the comorbid group. CT predicted the onset of these disorders, recurrence, and poorer outcomes (more comorbidity and chronicity). CT was associated with maladaptive personality characteristics and cognitions (e.g., higher neuroticism and negative self-associations), mild stress systems dysregulations (heightened levels of cortisol and inflammation), advanced biological aging (increased epigenetic aging and telomere attrition), poorer lifestyle (higher smoking rate and body mass index), somatic health decline (e.g., increased metabolic syndrome dysregulations), and brain alterations (e.g., reduced mPFC volume and increased amygdala reactivity).LIMITATIONS: Literature review of one cohort using mixed analytical approaches.CONCLUSION: CT impacts the functioning of the brain, mind, and body, which together may contribute to a higher vulnerability for affective disorders. It is essential to employ an integrative approach combining different sources of data to understand the mechanisms of CT better.
KW - Childhood maltreatment
KW - Childhood trauma
KW - Depression, anxiety
KW - Review
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85100440795&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.054
DO - 10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.054
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33561798
VL - 283
SP - 179
EP - 191
JO - Journal of Affective Disorders
JF - Journal of Affective Disorders
SN - 0165-0327
ER -