TY - JOUR
T1 - Effectiveness of the diabetic foot risk classification system of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot
AU - Peters, E J
AU - Lavery, L A
AU - International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot
PY - 2001/8
Y1 - 2001/8
N2 - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a diabetic foot risk classification system by the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot to predict clinical outcomes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 225 diabetic patients were initially evaluated as part of a prospective case-control study at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. Complete records were available for 213 patients for follow-up evaluation after 29 months. Upon enrollment, subjects were stratified into four risk groups based on the presence of risk factors according to the consensus of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot. Group 0 consisted of subjects without neuropathy, group 1 consisted of patients with neuropathy but without deformity or peripheral vascular disease (PVD), group 2 consisted of subjects with neuropathy and deformity or PVD, and group 3 consisted of patients with a history of foot ulceration or a lower-extremity amputation.RESULTS: Upon enrollment, patients in higher-risk groups had longer duration of diabetes, worse glycemic control, vascular and neuropathic variables, and more systemic complications of diabetes. During 3 years of follow-up, ulceration occurred in 5.1, 14.3, 18.8, and 55.8% of the patients in groups 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively (linear-by-linear association, P < 0.001). All amputations were found in Groups 2 and 3 (3.1 and 20.9%, P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: The foot risk classification of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot predicts ulceration and amputation and can function as a tool to prevent lower-extremity complications of diabetes.
AB - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a diabetic foot risk classification system by the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot to predict clinical outcomes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 225 diabetic patients were initially evaluated as part of a prospective case-control study at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. Complete records were available for 213 patients for follow-up evaluation after 29 months. Upon enrollment, subjects were stratified into four risk groups based on the presence of risk factors according to the consensus of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot. Group 0 consisted of subjects without neuropathy, group 1 consisted of patients with neuropathy but without deformity or peripheral vascular disease (PVD), group 2 consisted of subjects with neuropathy and deformity or PVD, and group 3 consisted of patients with a history of foot ulceration or a lower-extremity amputation.RESULTS: Upon enrollment, patients in higher-risk groups had longer duration of diabetes, worse glycemic control, vascular and neuropathic variables, and more systemic complications of diabetes. During 3 years of follow-up, ulceration occurred in 5.1, 14.3, 18.8, and 55.8% of the patients in groups 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively (linear-by-linear association, P < 0.001). All amputations were found in Groups 2 and 3 (3.1 and 20.9%, P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: The foot risk classification of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot predicts ulceration and amputation and can function as a tool to prevent lower-extremity complications of diabetes.
KW - Blood Pressure
KW - Body Mass Index
KW - Case-Control Studies
KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood
KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
KW - Diabetic Angiopathies/classification
KW - Diabetic Foot/epidemiology
KW - Diabetic Neuropathies/classification
KW - Female
KW - Follow-Up Studies
KW - Foot Deformities/classification
KW - Glycated Hemoglobin A/analysis
KW - Humans
KW - Male
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Risk Assessment
KW - Risk Factors
KW - Texas
KW - Time Factors
M3 - Article
C2 - 11473084
VL - 24
SP - 1442
EP - 1447
JO - Diabetes Care
JF - Diabetes Care
SN - 0149-5992
IS - 8
ER -