@article{a5441f3c33704e03b7d14599e325e579,
title = "Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from commonly reported quantiles in meta-analysis",
abstract = "Researchers increasingly use meta-analysis to synthesize the results of several studies in order to estimate a common effect. When the outcome variable is continuous, standard meta-analytic approaches assume that the primary studies report the sample mean and standard deviation of the outcome. However, when the outcome is skewed, authors sometimes summarize the data by reporting the sample median and one or both of (i) the minimum and maximum values and (ii) the first and third quartiles, but do not report the mean or standard deviation. To include these studies in meta-analysis, several methods have been developed to estimate the sample mean and standard deviation from the reported summary data. A major limitation of these widely used methods is that they assume that the outcome distribution is normal, which is unlikely to be tenable for studies reporting medians. We propose two novel approaches to estimate the sample mean and standard deviation when data are suspected to be non-normal. Our simulation results and empirical assessments show that the proposed methods often perform better than the existing methods when applied to non-normal data.",
keywords = "first quartile, maximum value, median, Meta-analysis, minimum value, third quartile",
author = "Sean McGrath and Zhao, {Xiao Fei} and Russell Steele and Thombs, {Brett D.} and Andrea Benedetti and Brooke Levis and Riehm, {Kira E.} and Nazanin Saadat and Levis, {Alexander W.} and Marleine Azar and Rice, {Danielle B.} and Ying Sun and Ankur Krishnan and Chen He and Yin Wu and Bhandari, {Parash Mani} and Dipika Neupane and Mahrukh Imran and Jill Boruff and Pim Cuijpers and Simon Gilbody and Ioannidis, {John P.A.} and Kloda, {Lorie A.} and Dean McMillan and Patten, {Scott B.} and Ian Shrier and Ziegelstein, {Roy C.} and Akena, {Dickens H.} and Bruce Arroll and Liat Ayalon and Baradaran, {Hamid R.} and Murray Baron and Anna Beraldi and Bombardier, {Charles H.} and Peter Butterworth and Gregory Carter and Chagas, {Marcos H.} and Chan, {Juliana C.N.} and Rushina Cholera and Neerja Chowdhary and Kerrie Clover and Yeates Conwell and {de Man-van Ginkel}, {Janneke M.} and Jaime Delgadillo and Fann, {Jesse R.} and Fischer, {Felix H.} and Benjamin Fischler and Daniel Fung and Bizu Gelaye and Felicity Goodyear-Smith and Greeno, {Catherine G.} and Hall, {Brian J.} and Harrison, {Patricia A.} and Martin Harter and Ulrich Hegerl and Leanne Hides and Hobfoll, {Stevan E.} and Marie Hudson and Thomas Hyphantis and Masatoshi Inagaki and Khalida Ismail and Nathalie Jett{\'e} and Khamseh, {Mohammad E.} and Kiely, {Kim M.} and Yunxin Kwan and Femke Lamers and Liu, {Shen Ing} and Manote Lotrakul and Loureiro, {Sonia R.} and Bernd L{\"o}we and Laura Marsh and Anthony McGuire and Sidik, {Sherina Mohd} and Munhoz, {Tiago N.} and Kumiko Muramatsu and Os{\'o}rio, {Fl{\'a}via L.} and Vikram Patel and Pence, {Brian W.} and Philippe Persoons and Angelo Picardi and Katrin Reuter and Rooney, {Alasdair G.} and Santos, {In{\'a} S.} and Juwita Shaaban and Abbey Sidebottom and Adam Simning and Lesley Stafford and Sung, {Sharon C.} and {Lynnette Tan}, {Pei Lin} and Alyna Turner and {van der Feltz-Cornelis}, {Christina M.} and {van Weert}, {Henk C.} and V{\"o}hringer, {Paul A.} and Jennifer White and Whooley, {Mary A.} and Kirsty Winkley and Mitsuhiko Yamada and Yuying Zhang and {the DEPRESsion Screening Data (DEPRESSD) Collaboration}",
year = "2020",
month = sep,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1177/0962280219889080",
language = "English",
volume = "29",
pages = "2520--2537",
journal = "Statistical Methods in Medical Research",
issn = "0962-2802",
publisher = "SAGE Publications Ltd",
number = "9",
}