TY - JOUR
T1 - Gait Speed and Grip Strength Reflect Cognitive Impairment and Are Modestly Related to Incident Cognitive Decline in Memory Clinic Patients With Subjective Cognitive Decline and Mild Cognitive Impairment
T2 - Findings From the 4C Study
AU - Hooghiemstra, Astrid M.
AU - Ramakers, Inez H.G.B.
AU - Sistermans, Nicole
AU - Pijnenburg, Yolande A.L.
AU - Aalten, Pauline
AU - Hamel, Renske E.G.
AU - Melis, René J.F.
AU - Verhey, Frans R.J.
AU - Olde Rikkert, Marcel G.M.
AU - Scheltens, Philip
AU - van der Flier, Wiesje M.
AU - 4C Study Group
PY - 2017/6/1
Y1 - 2017/6/1
N2 - Background: Prospective studies in the general population show that slow gait speed is associated with cognitive decline and clinical progression to dementia. However, longitudinal studies in memory clinic populations are mostly lacking. We aimed to study the association between gait speed and grip strength and cognitive functioning at baseline and cognitive decline over time in memory clinic patients with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment.Methods: We included 309 patients (age 70 ± 9 years, 108 [35%] women, Mini-Mental State Examination 27 ± 3 points). Baseline gait speed was assessed over 15 feet, grip strength with a hydraulic hand dynamometer. Cognitive functioning was assessed annually with a comprehensive test battery during 3 years.Results: Age- and gender-adjusted linear mixed models showed that slower gait speed was related to worse baseline attention, memory, information processing speed, and verbal fluency. Longitudinally, gait speed was related to decline in information processing speed and executive functioning. Weaker grip strength was related to worse baseline information processing speed and executive functioning but there were no longitudinal associations. Cox proportional hazards models revealed no significant associations with clinical progression.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that markers of physical performance are related to current cognitive status and modestly related to cognitive decline but are seemingly not useful as an early marker of incident clinical progression.
AB - Background: Prospective studies in the general population show that slow gait speed is associated with cognitive decline and clinical progression to dementia. However, longitudinal studies in memory clinic populations are mostly lacking. We aimed to study the association between gait speed and grip strength and cognitive functioning at baseline and cognitive decline over time in memory clinic patients with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment.Methods: We included 309 patients (age 70 ± 9 years, 108 [35%] women, Mini-Mental State Examination 27 ± 3 points). Baseline gait speed was assessed over 15 feet, grip strength with a hydraulic hand dynamometer. Cognitive functioning was assessed annually with a comprehensive test battery during 3 years.Results: Age- and gender-adjusted linear mixed models showed that slower gait speed was related to worse baseline attention, memory, information processing speed, and verbal fluency. Longitudinally, gait speed was related to decline in information processing speed and executive functioning. Weaker grip strength was related to worse baseline information processing speed and executive functioning but there were no longitudinal associations. Cox proportional hazards models revealed no significant associations with clinical progression.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that markers of physical performance are related to current cognitive status and modestly related to cognitive decline but are seemingly not useful as an early marker of incident clinical progression.
KW - Alzheimer’s disease
KW - Cognitive functioning
KW - Dementia
KW - Frailty
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85027499524&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/gerona/glx003
DO - 10.1093/gerona/glx003
M3 - Article
C2 - 28177065
AN - SCOPUS:85027499524
SN - 1079-5006
VL - 72
SP - 846
EP - 854
JO - Journals of Gerontology. Series A: Biological Sciences & Medical Sciences
JF - Journals of Gerontology. Series A: Biological Sciences & Medical Sciences
IS - 6
ER -