Hemodynamic Optimization in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Should We Aim for dP/dtmax or Stroke Work?

A. Zweerink; Odette A. E. Salden; Wouter M. van Everdingen; Gerben J. de Roest; Peter M. van de Ven; Maarten J. Cramer; Pieter A. Doevendans; Albert C. van Rossum; K. Vernooy; Frits W. Prinzen; Mathias Meine; Cornelis P. Allaart

doi:10.1016/j.jacep.2019.05.020

Hemodynamic Optimization in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Should We Aim for dP/dtmax or Stroke Work?

A. Zweerink, Odette A. E. Salden, Wouter M. van Everdingen, Gerben J. de Roest, Peter M. van de Ven, Maarten J. Cramer, Pieter A. Doevendans, Albert C. van Rossum, K. Vernooy, Frits W. Prinzen, Mathias Meine, Cornelis P. Allaart

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Objectives: This study evaluated the acute effect of dP/dtmax- versus stroke work (SW)-guided cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) optimization and the related acute hemodynamic changes to long-term CRT response. Background: Hemodynamic optimization may increase benefit from CRT. Typically, maximal left ventricular (LV) pressure rise dP/dtmax is used as an index of ventricular performance. Alternatively, SW can be derived from pressure−volume (PV) loops. Methods: Forty-one patients underwent CRT implantation followed by invasive PV loop measurements. The stimulation protocol included 16 LV pacing configurations using each individual electrode of the quadripolar lead with 4 atrioventricular (AV) delays. Conventional CRT was defined as pacing from the distal electrode with an AV delay of approximately 120 ms. Results: Compared with conventional CRT, dP/dtmax-guided optimization resulted in a one-third additional dP/dtmax increase (17 ± 11% vs. 12 ± 9%; p < 0.001). Similarly, SW-guided optimization resulted in a one-third additional SW increase (80 ± 55% vs. 53 ± 48%; p < 0.001). Comparing both optimization strategies, dP/dtmax favored contractility (8 ± 12% vs. 5 ± 10%; p = 0.015), whereas SW optimization improved ventricular−arterial (VA) coupling (45% vs. 32%; p < 0.001). After 6 months, mean LV ejection fraction (LVEF) change was 10 ± 9% with 23 (56%) patients becoming super-responders to CRT (≥10% LVEF improvement). Although acute changes in SW were predictive for long-term CRT response (area under the curve: 0.78; p = 0.002), changes in dP/dtmax were not (area under the curve: 0.65; p = 0.112). Conclusions: PV-guided hemodynamic optimization in CRT results in approximately one-third SW improvement on top of conventional CRT, caused by a mechanism of enhanced VA coupling. In contrast, dP/dtmax optimization favored LV contractility. Ultimately, acute changes in SW showed larger predictive value for long-term CRT response compared with dP/dtmax.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1013-1025
Journal	JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology
Volume	5
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacep.2019.05.020
Publication status	Published - 2019

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Zweerink, A., Salden, O. A. E., van Everdingen, W. M., de Roest, G. J., van de Ven, P. M., Cramer, M. J., ... Allaart, C. P. (2019). Hemodynamic Optimization in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Should We Aim for dP/dtmax or Stroke Work? JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology, 5(9), 1013-1025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacep.2019.05.020

Zweerink, A. ; Salden, Odette A. E. ; van Everdingen, Wouter M. ; de Roest, Gerben J. ; van de Ven, Peter M. ; Cramer, Maarten J. ; Doevendans, Pieter A. ; van Rossum, Albert C. ; Vernooy, K. ; Prinzen, Frits W. ; Meine, Mathias ; Allaart, Cornelis P. / Hemodynamic Optimization in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Should We Aim for dP/dtmax or Stroke Work?. In: JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology. 2019 ; Vol. 5, No. 9. pp. 1013-1025.

@article{718fa3f0383e4269a85978bf44c23fac,

title = "Hemodynamic Optimization in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Should We Aim for dP/dtmax or Stroke Work?",

abstract = "Objectives: This study evaluated the acute effect of dP/dtmax- versus stroke work (SW)-guided cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) optimization and the related acute hemodynamic changes to long-term CRT response. Background: Hemodynamic optimization may increase benefit from CRT. Typically, maximal left ventricular (LV) pressure rise dP/dtmax is used as an index of ventricular performance. Alternatively, SW can be derived from pressure−volume (PV) loops. Methods: Forty-one patients underwent CRT implantation followed by invasive PV loop measurements. The stimulation protocol included 16 LV pacing configurations using each individual electrode of the quadripolar lead with 4 atrioventricular (AV) delays. Conventional CRT was defined as pacing from the distal electrode with an AV delay of approximately 120 ms. Results: Compared with conventional CRT, dP/dtmax-guided optimization resulted in a one-third additional dP/dtmax increase (17 ± 11{\%} vs. 12 ± 9{\%}; p < 0.001). Similarly, SW-guided optimization resulted in a one-third additional SW increase (80 ± 55{\%} vs. 53 ± 48{\%}; p < 0.001). Comparing both optimization strategies, dP/dtmax favored contractility (8 ± 12{\%} vs. 5 ± 10{\%}; p = 0.015), whereas SW optimization improved ventricular−arterial (VA) coupling (45{\%} vs. 32{\%}; p < 0.001). After 6 months, mean LV ejection fraction (LVEF) change was 10 ± 9{\%} with 23 (56{\%}) patients becoming super-responders to CRT (≥10{\%} LVEF improvement). Although acute changes in SW were predictive for long-term CRT response (area under the curve: 0.78; p = 0.002), changes in dP/dtmax were not (area under the curve: 0.65; p = 0.112). Conclusions: PV-guided hemodynamic optimization in CRT results in approximately one-third SW improvement on top of conventional CRT, caused by a mechanism of enhanced VA coupling. In contrast, dP/dtmax optimization favored LV contractility. Ultimately, acute changes in SW showed larger predictive value for long-term CRT response compared with dP/dtmax.",

keywords = "cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), dP/dt, hemodynamic optimization, pressure−volume loops, quadripolar LV leads, stroke work",

author = "A. Zweerink and Salden, {Odette A. E.} and {van Everdingen}, {Wouter M.} and {de Roest}, {Gerben J.} and {van de Ven}, {Peter M.} and Cramer, {Maarten J.} and Doevendans, {Pieter A.} and {van Rossum}, {Albert C.} and K. Vernooy and Prinzen, {Frits W.} and Mathias Meine and Allaart, {Cornelis P.}",

year = "2019",

doi = "10.1016/j.jacep.2019.05.020",

language = "English",

volume = "5",

pages = "1013--1025",

journal = "JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology",

issn = "2405-500X",

publisher = "Elsevier USA",

number = "9",

}

Zweerink, A, Salden, OAE, van Everdingen, WM, de Roest, GJ, van de Ven, PM, Cramer, MJ, Doevendans, PA, van Rossum, AC, Vernooy, K, Prinzen, FW, Meine, M & Allaart, CP 2019, 'Hemodynamic Optimization in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Should We Aim for dP/dtmax or Stroke Work?', JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology, vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 1013-1025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacep.2019.05.020