@article{9fc8a337b4664531b1da1cab62d7c6ed,
title = "Increased functional sensorimotor network efficiency relates to disability in multiple sclerosis",
abstract = "Background: Network abnormalities could help explain physical disability in multiple sclerosis (MS), which remains poorly understood. Objective: This study investigates functional network efficiency changes in the sensorimotor system. Methods: We included 222 MS patients, divided into low disability (LD, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) ⩽3.5, n = 185) and high disability (HD, EDSS ⩾6, n = 37), and 82 healthy controls (HC). Functional connectivity was assessed between 23 sensorimotor regions. Measures of efficiency were computed and compared between groups using general linear models corrected for age and sex. Binary logistic regression models related disability status to local functional network efficiency (LE), brain volumes and demographics. Functional connectivity patterns of regions important for disability were explored. Results: HD patients demonstrated significantly higher LE of the left primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and right pallidum compared to LD and HC, and left premotor cortex compared to HC only. The logistic regression model for disability (R2 = 0.38) included age, deep grey matter volume and left S1 LE. S1 functional connectivity was increased with prefrontal and secondary sensory areas in HD patients, compared to LD and HC. Conclusion: Clinical disability in MS associates with functional sensorimotor increases in efficiency and connectivity, centred around S1, independent of structural damage.",
keywords = "disability, efficiency, functional MRI, Multiple sclerosis, network, resting-state",
author = "Myrte Strik and Chard, {Declan T.} and Iris Dekker and Meijer, {Kim A.} and Eijlers, {Anand J.C.} and Matteo Pardini and Uitdehaag, {Bernard M.J.} and Kolbe, {Scott C.} and Geurts, {Jeroen J.G.} and Schoonheim, {Menno M.}",
note = "Funding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship and/or publication of this article: This study was supported by the Dutch MS Research Foundation (grant numbers 08-650, 13-820, 14-358e) and Melbourne University (Melbourne Research Scholarship). Funding Information: The author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship and/or publication of this article: M.S. is supported by a Melbourne Research Scholarship from the University of Melbourne. D.T.C. has, in the last 3 years, received honoraria (paid to his employer) from ExceMed for faculty-led education work. He has received research funding from the International Progressive MS Alliance, the MS Society, and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre. I.D. has received speaking honoraria from Roche and receives funding from the Dutch MS Research Foundation, grant number 14-358e. M.P. receives research support from Novartis and Nutricia and has received honoraria from Merk Serono, and Novartis outside the submitted work. K.A.M. receives funding from a research grant of Biogen. A.J.C.E. receives funding from the Dutch MS Research Foundation, grant number 14-358e. B.M.J.U. reports personal fees from Genzyme, Biogen Idec, TEVA, Merck Serono, and Roche, outside the submitted work. S.C.K. receives grant income from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia and has received honoraria from Novartis and Biogen. J.J.G.G. is editor for Europe at Multiple Sclerosis Journal and serves on the editorial boards of Neurology and Frontiers of Neurology; he is president of the Netherlands organization for health research and development and has received research support from Biogen Idec, Novartis Pharma, and Sanofi-Genzyme. M.M.S. serves on the editorial board of Frontiers of Neurology, receives research support from the Dutch MS Research Foundation, grant number 13-820, and has received compensation for consulting services or speaker honoraria from ExceMed, Genzyme and Biogen. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s), 2020.",
year = "2021",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1177/1352458520966292",
language = "English",
volume = "27",
pages = "1364--1373",
journal = "Multiple Sclerosis",
issn = "1352-4585",
publisher = "SAGE Publications Ltd",
number = "9",
}