TY - JOUR
T1 - Neurocognitive markers of late-onset ADHD
T2 - a 6-year longitudinal study
AU - Ilbegi, Shahrzad
AU - Buitelaar, Jan K.
AU - Hoekstra, Pieter J.
AU - Hartman, Catharina A.
AU - Franke, Barbara
AU - Faraone, Stephen V.
AU - Oosterlaan, Jaap
AU - Luman, Marjolein
AU - van Lieshout, Marloes
AU - Rommelse, Nanda N.J.
N1 - Funding Information:
J.K.B. has been in the past 3 years a consultant to / member of advisory board of / and/or speaker for Janssen Cilag BV, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Shire, Roche, Medice, Novartis and Servier. He has received research support from Roche and Vifor. He is not an employee of any of these companies, and not a stock shareholder of any of these companies. He has no other financial or material support, including expert testimony, patents and royalties. P.J.H. has been paid member of an advisory board of Takeda. B.F.’s work is supported by a personal Vici grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO; grant 016‐130‐669). The remaining authors have declared that they have no competing or potential conflicts of interests. Key points
Funding Information:
This work was supported by National Institute of Health (NIH) Grant R01MH62873, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Large Investment Grant 1750102007010, ZonMW Grant 60‐60600‐97‐193 and grants from Radboud University Medical Center, University Medical Center Groningen and Accare, and VU University Amsterdam. B.F. is supported by a Vici grant (016.130.669) from NWO, and she and J.K.B. received funding from the European Commission Framework 7 Program under grant number 602450 (IMAGEMEND).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health
PY - 2021/2
Y1 - 2021/2
N2 - Background: There is an increased interest in ‘late-onset’ attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), referring to the onset of clinically significant ADHD symptoms after the age of 12 years. This study aimed to examine whether unaffected siblings with late-onset ADHD could be differentiated from stable unaffected siblings by their neurocognitive functioning in childhood. Methods: We report findings from a 6-year prospective, longitudinal study of the Dutch part of the International Multicenter ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) study, including individuals with childhood-onset (persistent) ADHD (n = 193), their siblings with late-onset ADHD (n = 34), their stable unaffected siblings (n = 111) and healthy controls (n = 186). At study entry (mean age: 11.3) and follow-up (mean age: 17.01), participants were assessed for ADHD by structured psychiatric interviews and multi-informant questionnaires. Several neurocognitive functions were assessed at baseline and after 6 years, including time reproduction, timing variability (reaction time variability and time production variability), reaction time speed, motor control and working memory; intelligence was taken as a measure of overall neurocognitive functioning. Results: Siblings with late-onset ADHD were similar to individuals with childhood-onset ADHD in showing longer reaction times and/or higher error rates on all neurocognitive measures at baseline and follow-up, when compared to healthy controls. They differed from stable unaffected siblings (who were similar to healthy controls) by greater reaction time variability and timing production variability at baseline. No significant group by time interaction was found for any of the tasks. Conclusions: For unaffected siblings of individuals with ADHD, reaction time variability and timing production variability may serve as neurocognitive marker for late-onset ADHD.
AB - Background: There is an increased interest in ‘late-onset’ attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), referring to the onset of clinically significant ADHD symptoms after the age of 12 years. This study aimed to examine whether unaffected siblings with late-onset ADHD could be differentiated from stable unaffected siblings by their neurocognitive functioning in childhood. Methods: We report findings from a 6-year prospective, longitudinal study of the Dutch part of the International Multicenter ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) study, including individuals with childhood-onset (persistent) ADHD (n = 193), their siblings with late-onset ADHD (n = 34), their stable unaffected siblings (n = 111) and healthy controls (n = 186). At study entry (mean age: 11.3) and follow-up (mean age: 17.01), participants were assessed for ADHD by structured psychiatric interviews and multi-informant questionnaires. Several neurocognitive functions were assessed at baseline and after 6 years, including time reproduction, timing variability (reaction time variability and time production variability), reaction time speed, motor control and working memory; intelligence was taken as a measure of overall neurocognitive functioning. Results: Siblings with late-onset ADHD were similar to individuals with childhood-onset ADHD in showing longer reaction times and/or higher error rates on all neurocognitive measures at baseline and follow-up, when compared to healthy controls. They differed from stable unaffected siblings (who were similar to healthy controls) by greater reaction time variability and timing production variability at baseline. No significant group by time interaction was found for any of the tasks. Conclusions: For unaffected siblings of individuals with ADHD, reaction time variability and timing production variability may serve as neurocognitive marker for late-onset ADHD.
KW - Late-onset ADHD
KW - neurocognitive markers
KW - unaffected siblings
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85087682072&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/jcpp.13272
DO - 10.1111/jcpp.13272
M3 - Article
C2 - 33059383
AN - SCOPUS:85087682072
VL - 62
SP - 244
EP - 252
JO - Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
JF - Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
SN - 0021-9630
IS - 2
ER -