TY - CHAP
T1 - Rickets and osteomalacia
AU - Laurent, Michaël R.
AU - Bravenboer, Nathalie
AU - Van Schoor, Natasja M.
AU - Bouillon, Roger
AU - Pettifor, John M.
AU - Lips, Paul
PY - 2018/1/1
Y1 - 2018/1/1
N2 - This chapter describes definition, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of nutritional rickets and osteomalacia. Rickets and osteomalacia (from Greek osteon and malakia, bone softness) are diseases characterized by hypomineralization of bone matrix. Rickets occurs only in children (before epiphyseal closure) and additionally leads to abnormal growth plate development, stunting, and bone deformities. The causes of osteomalacia and rickets are similar and can be classified according to underlying mechanisms: Vitamin D deficiency or resistance; calcium deficiency independent of vitamin D; hypophosphatemic disorders; and mineralization inhibitors. Patients with rickets and osteomalacia related to vitamin D deficiency typically have very low serum 250-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations, that is below 15 to 30?nmol/L. Vitamin D deficiency rickets responds to small doses of vitamin D. Nutritional osteomalacia may be treated with remarkably low doses of calcium and vitamin D.
AB - This chapter describes definition, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of nutritional rickets and osteomalacia. Rickets and osteomalacia (from Greek osteon and malakia, bone softness) are diseases characterized by hypomineralization of bone matrix. Rickets occurs only in children (before epiphyseal closure) and additionally leads to abnormal growth plate development, stunting, and bone deformities. The causes of osteomalacia and rickets are similar and can be classified according to underlying mechanisms: Vitamin D deficiency or resistance; calcium deficiency independent of vitamin D; hypophosphatemic disorders; and mineralization inhibitors. Patients with rickets and osteomalacia related to vitamin D deficiency typically have very low serum 250-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations, that is below 15 to 30?nmol/L. Vitamin D deficiency rickets responds to small doses of vitamin D. Nutritional osteomalacia may be treated with remarkably low doses of calcium and vitamin D.
KW - Calcium deficiency
KW - Hypophosphatemic disorders
KW - Mineralization inhibitors
KW - Osteomalacia
KW - Rickets
KW - Vitamin D deficiency
KW - Vitamin D resistance
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85060613944&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/9781119266594.ch89
DO - 10.1002/9781119266594.ch89
M3 - Chapter
AN - SCOPUS:85060613944
SN - 9781119266563
SP - 684
EP - 694
BT - Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism
PB - Wiley
ER -