@article{2b69f95ec9f044ac8950c609bcda396f,
title = "Structural neuroimaging biomarkers for obsessive-compulsive disorder in the ENIGMA-OCD consortium: medication matters",
abstract = "No diagnostic biomarkers are available for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Here, we aimed to identify magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers for OCD, using 46 data sets with 2304 OCD patients and 2068 healthy controls from the ENIGMA consortium. We performed machine learning analysis of regional measures of cortical thickness, surface area and subcortical volume and tested classification performance using cross-validation. Classification performance for OCD vs. controls using the complete sample with different classifiers and cross-validation strategies was poor. When models were validated on data from other sites, model performance did not exceed chance-level. In contrast, fair classification performance was achieved when patients were grouped according to their medication status. These results indicate that medication use is associated with substantial differences in brain anatomy that are widely distributed, and indicate that clinical heterogeneity contributes to the poor performance of structural MRI as a disease marker.",
author = "Bruin, {Willem B} and Luke Taylor and Thomas, {Rajat M} and Shock, {Jonathan P} and Paul Zhutovsky and Yoshinari Abe and Pino Alonso and Ameis, {Stephanie H} and Alan Anticevic and Arnold, {Paul D} and Francesca Assogna and Francesco Benedetti and Beucke, {Jan C} and Boedhoe, {Premika S W} and Irene Bollettini and Anushree Bose and Silvia Brem and Brennan, {Brian P} and Buitelaar, {Jan K} and Rosa Calvo and Yuqi Cheng and Cho, {Kang Ik K} and Sara Dallaspezia and Damiaan Denys and Ely, {Benjamin A} and Feusner, {Jamie D} and Fitzgerald, {Kate D} and Jean-Paul Fouche and Fridgeirsson, {Egill A} and Patricia Gruner and G{\"u}rsel, {Deniz A} and Hauser, {Tobias U} and Yoshiyuki Hirano and Hoexter, {Marcelo Q} and Hao Hu and Chaim Huyser and Iliyan Ivanov and Anthony James and Fern Jaspers-Fayer and Norbert Kathmann and Christian Kaufmann and Kathrin Koch and Masaru Kuno and Gerd Kvale and Kwon, {Jun Soo} and Yanni Liu and Christine Lochner and Luisa L{\'a}zaro and Paulo Marques and Rachel Marsh and Ignacio Mart{\'i}nez-Zalaca{\'i}n and David Mataix-Cols and Mench{\'o}n, {Jos{\'e} M} and Luciano Minuzzi and Moreira, {Pedro S} and Astrid Morer and Pedro Morgado and Akiko Nakagawa and Takashi Nakamae and Tomohiro Nakao and Narayanaswamy, {Janardhanan C} and Nurmi, {Erika L} and Joseph O'Neill and Pariente, {Jose C} and Chris Perriello and John Piacentini and Fabrizio Piras and Federica Piras and Reddy, {Y C Janardhan} and Rus-Oswald, {Oana G} and Yuki Sakai and Sato, {Jo{\~a}o R} and Lianne Schmaal and Eiji Shimizu and Simpson, {H Blair} and Noam Soreni and Carles Soriano-Mas and Gianfranco Spalletta and Stern, {Emily R} and Stevens, {Michael C} and Stewart, {S Evelyn} and Szeszko, {Philip R} and Tolin, {David F} and Ganesan Venkatasubramanian and Zhen Wang and Je-Yeon Yun and {van Rooij}, Daan and Thompson, {Paul M} and {van den Heuvel}, {Odile A} and Stein, {Dan J} and {van Wingen}, {Guido A} and {ENIGMA OCD Working Group}",
year = "2020",
month = dec,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1038/s41398-020-01013-y",
language = "English",
volume = "10",
pages = "342",
journal = "Translational psychiatry",
issn = "2158-3188",
number = "1",
}