Abstract
Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders that frequently co-occur. The authors sought to directly compare these disorders using structural brain imaging data from ENIGMA consortium data. Methods: Structural T1-weighted whole-brain MRI data from healthy control subjects (N=5,827) and from patients with ADHD (N=2,271), ASD (N=1,777), and OCD (N=2,323) from 151 cohorts worldwide were analyzed using standardized processing protocols. The authors examined subcortical volume, cortical thickness, and cortical surface area differences within a mega-analytical framework, pooling measures extracted from each cohort. Analyses were performed separately for children, adolescents, and adults, using linear mixed-effects models adjusting for age, sex, and site (and intracranial volume for subcortical and surface area measures). Results: No shared differences were found among all three disorders, and shared differences between any two disorders did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Children with ADHD compared with those with OCD had smaller hippocampal volumes, possibly influenced by IQ. Children and adolescents with ADHD also had smaller intracranial volume than control subjects and those with OCD or ASD. Adults with ASD showed thicker frontal cortices compared with adult control subjects and other clinical groups. No OCD-specific differences were observed across different age groups and surface area differences among all disorders in childhood and adulthood. Conclusions: The study findings suggest robust but subtle differences across different age groups among ADHD, ASD, and OCD. ADHD-specific intracranial volume and hippocampal differences in children and adolescents, and ASD-specific cortical thickness differences in the frontal cortex in adults, support previous work emphasizing structural brain differences in these disorders.
Original language | English |
---|---|
Pages (from-to) | 834-843 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | American Journal of Psychiatry |
Volume | 177 |
Issue number | 9 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Sep 2020 |
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Subcortical brain volume, regional cortical thickness, and cortical surface area across disorders : Findings from the ENIGMA ADHD, ASD, and OCD working groups. / ENIGMA OCD Working Group; ENIGMA ADHD working group; ENIGMA ASD working group.
In: American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 177, No. 9, 09.2020, p. 834-843.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - Subcortical brain volume, regional cortical thickness, and cortical surface area across disorders
T2 - Findings from the ENIGMA ADHD, ASD, and OCD working groups
AU - Boedhoe, Premika S.W.
AU - van Rooij, Daan
AU - Hoogman, Martine
AU - Twisk, Jos W.R.
AU - Schmaal, Lianne
AU - Abe, Yoshinari
AU - Alonso, Pino
AU - Ameis, Stephanie H.
AU - Anikin, Anatoly
AU - Anticevic, Alan
AU - Arango, Celso
AU - Arnold, Paul D.
AU - Asherson, Philip
AU - Assogna, Francesca
AU - Auzias, Guillaume
AU - Banaschewski, Tobias
AU - Baranov, Alexander
AU - Batistuzzo, Marcelo C.
AU - Baumeister, Sarah
AU - Baur-Streubel, Ramona
AU - Behrmann, Marlene
AU - Bellgrove, Mark A.
AU - Benedetti, Francesco
AU - Beucke, Jan C.
AU - Biederman, Joseph
AU - Bollettini, Irene
AU - Bose, Anushree
AU - Bralten, Janita
AU - Bramati, Ivanei E.
AU - Brandeis, Daniel
AU - Brem, Silvia
AU - Brennan, Brian P.
AU - Busatto, Geraldo F.
AU - Calderoni, Sara
AU - Calvo, Anna
AU - Calvo, Rosa
AU - Castellanos, Francisco X.
AU - Cercignani, Mara
AU - Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M.
AU - Chantiluke, Kaylita C.
AU - Cheng, Yuqi
AU - Cho, Kang Ik K.
AU - Christakou, Anastasia
AU - Coghill, David
AU - Conzelmann, Annette
AU - Cubillo, Ana I.
AU - Dale, Anders M.
AU - Dallaspezia, Sara
AU - Daly, Eileen
AU - Denys, Damiaan
AU - Deruelle, Christine
AU - Di Martino, Adriana
AU - Dinstein, Ilan
AU - Doyle, Alysa E.
AU - Durston, Sarah
AU - Earl, Eric A.
AU - Ecker, Christine
AU - Ehrlich, Stefan
AU - Ely, Benjamin A.
AU - Epstein, Jeffrey N.
AU - Ethofer, Thomas
AU - Fair, Damien A.
AU - Fallgatter, Andreas J.
AU - Faraone, Stephen V.
AU - Fedor, Jennifer
AU - Feng, Xin
AU - Feusner, Jamie D.
AU - Fitzgerald, Jackie
AU - Fitzgerald, Kate D.
AU - Fouche, Jean Paul
AU - Freitag, Christine M.
AU - Fridgeirsson, Egill A.
AU - Frodl, Thomas
AU - Gabel, Matt C.
AU - Gallagher, Louise
AU - Gogberashvili, Tinatin
AU - Gori, Ilaria
AU - Gruner, Patricia
AU - Gürsel, Deniz A.
AU - Haar, Shlomi
AU - Haavik, Jan
AU - Hall, Geoffrey B.
AU - Harrison, Neil A.
AU - Hartman, Catharina A.
AU - Heslenfeld, Dirk J.
AU - Hirano, Yoshiyuki
AU - Hoekstra, Pieter J.
AU - Hoexter, Marcelo Q.
AU - Hohmann, Sarah
AU - Høvik, Marie F.
AU - Hu, Hao
AU - Huyser, Chaim
AU - Jahanshad, Neda
AU - Jalbrzikowski, Maria
AU - James, Anthony
AU - Janssen, Joost
AU - Jaspers-Fayer, Fern
AU - Jernigan, Terry L.
AU - Kapilushniy, Dmitry
AU - Kardatzki, Bernd
AU - Karkashadze, Georgii
AU - Kathmann, Norbert
AU - Kaufmann, Christian
AU - Kelly, Clare
AU - Khadka, Sabin
AU - King, Joseph A.
AU - Koch, Kathrin
AU - Kohls, Gregor
AU - Konrad, Kerstin
AU - Kuno, Masaru
AU - Kuntsi, Jonna
AU - Kvale, Gerd
AU - Kwon, Jun Soo
AU - Lázaro, Luisa
AU - Lera-Miguel, Sara
AU - Lesch, Klaus Peter
AU - Hoekstra, Liesbeth
AU - Liu, Yanni
AU - Lochner, Christine
AU - Louza, Mario R.
AU - Luna, Beatriz
AU - Lundervold, Astri J.
AU - Malpas, Charles B.
AU - Marques, Paulo
AU - Marsh, Rachel
AU - Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio
AU - Mataix-Cols, David
AU - Mattos, Paulo
AU - McCarthy, Hazel
AU - McGrath, Jane
AU - Mehta, Mitul A.
AU - Menchón, José M.
AU - Mennes, Maarten
AU - Martinho, Mauricio Moller
AU - Moreira, Pedro S.
AU - Morer, Astrid
AU - Morgado, Pedro
AU - Muratori, Filippo
AU - Murphy, Clodagh M.
AU - Murphy, Declan G.M.
AU - Nakagawa, Akiko
AU - Nakamae, Takashi
AU - Nakao, Tomohiro
AU - Namazova-Baranova, Leyla
AU - Narayanaswamy, Janardhanan C.
AU - Nicolau, Rosa
AU - Nigg, Joel T.
AU - Novotny, Stephanie E.
AU - Nurmi, Erika L.
AU - Weiss, Eileen Oberwelland
AU - O'Gorman Tuura, Ruth L.
AU - O'Hearn, Kirsten
AU - O'Neill, Joseph
AU - Oosterlaan, Jaap
AU - Oranje, Bob
AU - Paloyelis, Yannis
AU - Parellada, Mara
AU - Pauli, Paul
AU - Perriello, Chris
AU - Piacentini, John
AU - Piras, Fabrizio
AU - Piras, Federica
AU - Plessen, Kerstin J.
AU - Puig, Olga
AU - Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, J.
AU - Janardhan Reddy, Y. C.
AU - Reif, Andreas
AU - Reneman, Liesbeth
AU - Retico, Alessandra
AU - Rosa, Pedro G.P.
AU - Rubia, Katya
AU - Rus, Oana Georgiana
AU - Sakai, Yuki
AU - Schrantee, Anouk
AU - Schwarz, Lena
AU - Schweren, Lizanne J.S.
AU - Seitz, Jochen
AU - Shaw, Philip
AU - Shook, Devon
AU - Silk, Tim J.
AU - Blair Simpson, H.
AU - Skokauskas, Norbert
AU - Vila, Juan Carlos Soliva
AU - Solovieva, Anastasia
AU - Soreni, Noam
AU - Soriano-Mas, Carles
AU - Spalletta, Gianfranco
AU - Stern, Emily R.
AU - Stevens, Michael C.
AU - Evelyn Stewart, S.
AU - Sudre, Gustavo
AU - Szeszko, Philip R.
AU - Tamm, Leanne
AU - Taylor, Margot J.
AU - Tolin, David F.
AU - Tosetti, Michela
AU - Tovar-Moll, Fernanda
AU - Tsuchiyagaito, Aki
AU - van Erp, Theo G.M.
AU - van Wingen, Guido A.
AU - Vance, Alasdair
AU - Venkatasubramanian, Ganesan
AU - Vilarroya, Oscar
AU - Vives-Gilabert, Yolanda
AU - von Polier, Georg G.
AU - Walitza, Susanne
AU - Wallace, Gregory L.
AU - Wang, Zhen
AU - Wolfers, Thomas
AU - Yoncheva, Yuliya N.
AU - Yun, Je Yeon
AU - Zanetti, Marcus V.
AU - Zhou, Fengfeng
AU - Ziegler, Georg C.
AU - Zierhut, Kathrin C.
AU - Zwiers, Marcel P.
AU - Thompson, Paul M.
AU - Stein, Dan J.
AU - Buitelaar, Jan
AU - Franke, Barbara
AU - van den Heuvel, Odile A.
AU - ENIGMA OCD Working Group
AU - ENIGMA ADHD working group
AU - ENIGMA ASD working group
PY - 2020/9
Y1 - 2020/9
N2 - Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders that frequently co-occur. The authors sought to directly compare these disorders using structural brain imaging data from ENIGMA consortium data. Methods: Structural T1-weighted whole-brain MRI data from healthy control subjects (N=5,827) and from patients with ADHD (N=2,271), ASD (N=1,777), and OCD (N=2,323) from 151 cohorts worldwide were analyzed using standardized processing protocols. The authors examined subcortical volume, cortical thickness, and cortical surface area differences within a mega-analytical framework, pooling measures extracted from each cohort. Analyses were performed separately for children, adolescents, and adults, using linear mixed-effects models adjusting for age, sex, and site (and intracranial volume for subcortical and surface area measures). Results: No shared differences were found among all three disorders, and shared differences between any two disorders did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Children with ADHD compared with those with OCD had smaller hippocampal volumes, possibly influenced by IQ. Children and adolescents with ADHD also had smaller intracranial volume than control subjects and those with OCD or ASD. Adults with ASD showed thicker frontal cortices compared with adult control subjects and other clinical groups. No OCD-specific differences were observed across different age groups and surface area differences among all disorders in childhood and adulthood. Conclusions: The study findings suggest robust but subtle differences across different age groups among ADHD, ASD, and OCD. ADHD-specific intracranial volume and hippocampal differences in children and adolescents, and ASD-specific cortical thickness differences in the frontal cortex in adults, support previous work emphasizing structural brain differences in these disorders.
AB - Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders that frequently co-occur. The authors sought to directly compare these disorders using structural brain imaging data from ENIGMA consortium data. Methods: Structural T1-weighted whole-brain MRI data from healthy control subjects (N=5,827) and from patients with ADHD (N=2,271), ASD (N=1,777), and OCD (N=2,323) from 151 cohorts worldwide were analyzed using standardized processing protocols. The authors examined subcortical volume, cortical thickness, and cortical surface area differences within a mega-analytical framework, pooling measures extracted from each cohort. Analyses were performed separately for children, adolescents, and adults, using linear mixed-effects models adjusting for age, sex, and site (and intracranial volume for subcortical and surface area measures). Results: No shared differences were found among all three disorders, and shared differences between any two disorders did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Children with ADHD compared with those with OCD had smaller hippocampal volumes, possibly influenced by IQ. Children and adolescents with ADHD also had smaller intracranial volume than control subjects and those with OCD or ASD. Adults with ASD showed thicker frontal cortices compared with adult control subjects and other clinical groups. No OCD-specific differences were observed across different age groups and surface area differences among all disorders in childhood and adulthood. Conclusions: The study findings suggest robust but subtle differences across different age groups among ADHD, ASD, and OCD. ADHD-specific intracranial volume and hippocampal differences in children and adolescents, and ASD-specific cortical thickness differences in the frontal cortex in adults, support previous work emphasizing structural brain differences in these disorders.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85090178574&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.19030331
DO - 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.19030331
M3 - Article
C2 - 32539527
AN - SCOPUS:85090178574
VL - 177
SP - 834
EP - 843
JO - American Journal of Psychiatry
JF - American Journal of Psychiatry
SN - 0002-953X
IS - 9
ER -