TY - JOUR
T1 - The circadian rhythm in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
T2 - current state of affairs
AU - Kooij, J J Sandra
AU - Bijlenga, Denise
PY - 2013/10
Y1 - 2013/10
N2 - Adults with ADHD often have sleep problems that are caused by a delay of their internal circadian rhythm system. Such individuals are often typified as 'evening' or 'night' persons. This review focuses on the link between ADHD symptoms and the evening typology through multiple pathways. Etiology of the internal circadian rhythm system, the genetic basis for evening typology, overlap between ADHD symptoms and evening preference and risk factors for various chronic health conditions, including metabolic syndrome and cancer, are discussed. The treatment perspectives to reset the delayed rhythm in adults with ADHD involve psychoeducation on sleep hygiene, melatonin in the afternoon or evening and bright light therapy in the morning.
AB - Adults with ADHD often have sleep problems that are caused by a delay of their internal circadian rhythm system. Such individuals are often typified as 'evening' or 'night' persons. This review focuses on the link between ADHD symptoms and the evening typology through multiple pathways. Etiology of the internal circadian rhythm system, the genetic basis for evening typology, overlap between ADHD symptoms and evening preference and risk factors for various chronic health conditions, including metabolic syndrome and cancer, are discussed. The treatment perspectives to reset the delayed rhythm in adults with ADHD involve psychoeducation on sleep hygiene, melatonin in the afternoon or evening and bright light therapy in the morning.
KW - Adult
KW - Attention/drug effects
KW - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications
KW - Circadian Rhythm/drug effects
KW - Humans
KW - Melatonin/pharmacology
KW - Sleep/drug effects
KW - Sleep Wake Disorders/complications
U2 - 10.1586/14737175.2013.836301
DO - 10.1586/14737175.2013.836301
M3 - Review article
C2 - 24117273
VL - 13
SP - 1107
EP - 1116
JO - Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
JF - Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
SN - 1473-7175
IS - 10
ER -